A TIMELINE OF CANTON HISTORY
The complete history of the neighborhood we know as Canton is always seeking to be revised to more accurately reflect the role of Indigenous people and people of African descent in the story of our neighborhood's development. If you have any comments, questions, or concerns about these revisions, please email info@CantonCommunity.org.
Where used, citations are noted in bracketed numbers. To view the full list of citations, visit the References section at the bottom of this page or click here.
BEFORE 1608
For several hundred years before 1608, the land including Canton is likely geographic sphere of influence of the ancestors of the contemporary Piscataway Peoples.[1] [2]
The area that is now Canton, east and south of the Fall Line, would be used for fishing and cultivation, while areas northwest of the Fall Line (North and West Baltimore and western Baltimore County) are cultivated by local American Indian people as treeless barrens for the purposes of hunting larger game.[3] [4]
1608
In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity is sparsely populated, if at all, by Native Americans. In 1608, John Smith reported the area to be uninhabited, but this is thought to be due to recent conflict with the Massawomeck people from the north.[5]
1652
In the 17th century, the Baltimore County area is used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannocks living in the lower Susquehanna River valley who "controlled all of the upper tributaries of the Chesapeake" but "refrained from much contact with Powhatan in the Potomac region."
In 1652, the Susquehannocks are forced to cede their control over the land between the Patuxent and Susquehanna rivers, including what is now Baltimore and Canton.
1782
Baltimore City annexes the area west of Harris Creek (the current site of the Safeway grocery story).
1785
August 9: Capt. John O'Donnell brings the first shipload of China goods to Baltimore and settles here.
O’Donnell neglects to tell three Chinese sailors - named Ashing, Achun and Aceun - and 32 lascar[6] sailors on his ship that he would be ending his voyage, stranding them in Baltimore. The Chinese sailors petition the United States Congress for funds to return home to Guangzhou, and their fate is unknown. According to the Department of State, these are the first documented Chinese people to land in the United States.[7] [8] [9]
1786:
O'Donnell buys 11 acres east of Harris Creek and calls it Canton. This will grow to nearly 2,000 acres by 1796.
1797
September 7: The U.S.F. Constellation, the first ship of the U.S. Navy, is launched at David Stoddard's shipyard on Harris Creek.[10]
1805
October 4: Captain O'Donnell dies at age 56 and is buried in Westminster churchyard in an Egyptian-style tomb near the later site of Edgar Allan Poe's first grave.[11]
November 26: The Baltimore County Register of Wills lists in the probate inventory of Captain O'Donnell's estate 48 enslaved persons, including several infants, with their name, race, age, sex, dollar valuation, and other notes.[12]
1814
September 12–14: Battery of three cannons at Lazaretto Point helps defend the city as British ships bombard Fort McHenry.[13] [14]
1817
February 3: Maryland General Assembly passes a bill moving the Baltimore city line to East Avenue (middle of street)[15]
1822-27
O'Donnell Street first appears planned on the 1822 "Poppleton Map," however, the first directory listing for the street appears in the annual Matchett's Baltimore Directory in 1827.[16] [17]
1825
The Erie canal is completed, opening up new competition for Baltimore in trade and commerce.
1828
December: Financier Peter Cooper enters into a partnership with Columbus O'Donnell and William Patterson to form the Canton Company and purchase 3,000 acres of the O’Donnell estate for $105,000 for the purpose of real estate development.[18] [19]
1829
March: The Canton Company of Baltimore is given a Charter from the State of Maryland that enables it to orchestrate the successful industrialization of the land making up modern-day Canton from 1829 until the 1980s. It has to compete with the success of the Erie Canal for trade.
Peter Cooper sells his Canton Company stock and forms Canton Iron Works at Boston and Montford Streets with rolling mills and kilns.[20]
1831
The 34-foot high Lazaretto Lighthouse is constructed near the southern end of Clinton St., with a detached keeper's house.[21]
1835
Canton Company stock becomes a hot commodity on the New York Stock Exchange thanks to speculator Daniel Drew.[22] After two land sales are held this year and two years earlier, sales amount to nearly $100,000.[23]
1836
Most streets in Canton are laid out but not many have been constructed.
1838
September 3: Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery, utilizing a sailor disguise and fake papers, when he boards a train from the PW&B (Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore) RR Canton rail depot (Boston & Chesapeake streets) in Baltimore, heading to Philadelphia.[24] [25]
1847
Fall: Canton Methodist Church, the first church in Canton, is dedicated on Clinton St. between Boston & Toone.[26]
1848
Booz Bros. Shipyard is established at Harris Creek and Kenwood Avenue (current site of the Shipyard Apartments).[27]
1850
Baltimore Copper Smelting Co. forms in the 1600 block of S. Clinton St., making six million pounds by 1860. It will grow to be the largest copper refining plant in the United States by 1890.[28]
1854
St. Bridget's (Brigid's) Catholic Church opens at Canton (now Ellwood) Ave. and Hudson St.[29]
1859
Canton Market opens at O'Donnell and Potomac Streets (current site of The Square).[30]
Late 1850s
Wendell Bollman opens the Patapsco Bridge & Iron Works on Clinton St. below Boston St.[31]
1860
A George Pabst (no relation) opens a small brewery at the southeast corner of O'Donnell & Baylis Streets.[32] [33]
1861–1863
Abbott Iron Works produces thick iron plates for Civil War ironclad ship the U.S.S. Monitor.[34]
1864
Fr. Gibbons of St. Brigid's builds a three-story rectory next to the church on Canton (now Ellwood) Ave.[35]
1865
The Baltimore Gaslight Co. builds a tank at Clinton and Cardiff Streets, bringing gas fuel to homes and businesses in the area.[36]
1867
Temporarily overcoming 13 years of political opposition, The Canton Co. begins work on the Union Railroad, connecting Canton to downtown Baltimore. The work stops again in 1868.[37]
1869
The J.S. Young Co. opens on Boston St. producing industrial licorice, dyes, and tanning extracts.[38]
1870–1885
Lazaretto Fertilizer, Patapsco Guano, Maryland Fertilizer, Susquehanna Fertilizer, Davison Chemical, and Baugh & Sons & Chemical Co. of Canton open fertilizer plants on lower Clinton St.[39]
1870s
Many row houses are built for workers and families north of O'Donnell St.[40]
1871-1873
Work resumes on the Union Railroad, employing 300 workers and costing over $3,000,000. The project includes the Hoffman Street Tunnel, also known as the Union Tunnel, a considerable engineering feat still in use today. This marks a major turn toward industrialization in Canton, and the de facto end of Canton’s time as an outlying suburb of Baltimore.[41] [42]
1872
Skilled Irish & Polish workers begin immigrating to work in Canton factories.[43]
Wunder's Brewery opens at the northeast corner of Conkling & O'Donnell streets and later becomes National Brewing Company.[44]
1873
March 25th: Columbus O'Donnell dies at 81 and is buried at Greenmount Cemetery.[45]
John Gardner opens a grain elevator and warehouse at the south end of Canton Co. property.[46]
1874
Edward Renneburg & Sons begins making equipment for oyster and other canning businesses.[47]
The German United Evangelical Church is dedicated at East Avenue and Dillon Street.[48]
1876
Christian Gehl opens a small brewery on the southeast corner Conkling & O'Donnell, which becomes Gunther's in 1880.[49]
1877
December 14: Baltimore United Oil is formed under the sponsorship of Standard Oil Co.[50]
1878
March 30: The first telephone in Canton is installed at Booz Bros. Shipyard.[51]
Baker-Whitely opens a coal company on the 2200 block of S. Clinton St. to supply ships in Baltimore's harbor.[52]
1883
The Norton Tin Can Co. of Chicago acquires Abbott Iron Works to make tin cans for the canning industry.
1883–1884
Three-story houses for Welsh copper workers are built along the 1600 block of S. Clinton St., known as Copper Row.[53]
November 30, 1884: The new Canton Methodist Church is dedicated at Canton (now Ellwood) Ave. and Dillon St.[54]
1886
February 15: The Canton Library opens at Canton (now Ellwood) Ave. & O'Donnell St. as the first branch of the Enoch Pratt Free Library. The building was designed by architect Charles Carson, who also designed 3046 O'Donnell St. (the "key hole house"), Mt. Vernon Methodist Church, Goucher Hall next to Lovely Lane Methodist Church, and the 1880s wing of Evergreen House. [55]
1887
May 15: Canton & other Baltimore County residents vote against extending the city line eastward from East Ave. to avoid paying higher city taxes.[56]
1892
Baltimore United Oil Co. is sold to Standard Oil Co., owned by John D. Rockefeller.[57]
Canton National Bank is founded at East Ave. & Elliott St.[58]
1895
The Norton Tin Plate & Can Co. on Boston St. builds a new gabled manufacturing plant (current site of DAP World Headquarters). The American Can Company, which acquired the site, eventually grew into the Can Company complex you can see today.[59] [60]
1896
Rev. William Batz becomes the pastor of the German United Evangelical Church. Although he died in 1926, people admired him so much that the church has been unofficially known as Batz's Church ever since.[61]
1899
Present Holy Evangelists Episcopal Church opens at Potomac & Dillon Sts.[62] The building will become the Baltimore Montessori school's Canton location in 2006.[63]
1900
March 1: Messiah English Lutheran Church dedicates a new granite church building at Potomac & O'Donnell Streets, which will later become the Church on the Square.[64]
1901
March: The American Can Co. forms and takes over Norton Tin Plate & Can Co. at Boston & Hudson Streets.[65]
1902
June 16: Fire Engine Co. No. 2 opens in a new building at Linwood Ave. & O'Donnell St.
November 9: St. Casimir Catholic Church opens on Lakewood Ave. at O'Donnell St. for the growing Polish population.
1904
The American Can Co. builds a large warehouse along Boston St. next to the 1895 gabled building.
1906
The Canton Railroad is begun by the Canton Co., connecting businesses to all major railroads in the city.[66]
1908
The Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church building is constructed at Foster Ave. & Conkling St.[67]
1913–1914
William Oktavec begins painting window screens, which are popular all over Canton for decades and remain a cultural touchpoint today despite long-term decline.[68] [69]
1914
The Tin Decorating Co. is created by American Tobacco Co. and is the world's largest producer of tin cans, producing 4 million tins per day in 1937.[70]
1916
Lazaretto Lighthouse is the first in Maryland to be electrified.[71]
1918
March 29: The Maryland General Assembly approves moving the city line from East Avenue to its present location.[72]
1924
The American Can Co. builds the Flatiron-style building at the intersection of Boston and Hudson Streets and Montford Ave., called the “Machine Services Building.”[73]
1926
September 29: The original Lazaretto Lighthouse is demolished, and a new 39-foot high lighthouse is constructed on the site.[74]
1927
A new Renaissance Revival-style St. Casimir's Catholic Church, designed by Palmer, Willis, Lambdin architects, opens on Kenwood Ave. at O'Donnell St. with a replica of the altar from the Basilica of St. Anthony's in Padua, Italy.[75] [76]
1929
Penroad Corp., part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, buys the Canton Co.; Sen. Harry S Truman criticizes the sale.
1937
On a Residential Security Map, most of the Canton neighborhood is classified as D/Fourth Grade (redlined), or classified industrial, along with the majority of central Baltimore. [77]
1943
Canton Market closes.
1946
Rukert Terminals Corp. buys Lazaretto Point from the Western Maryland Railroad for the warehouse and piers.[78]
1947
National Gypsum Co. opens a wallboard production plant at 2300 S. Newkirk St.[79]
1954
August: The second Lazaretto Lighthouse is decommissioned; the Coast Guard says because the beacon "now sits in an industrial eclipse.”[80]
1957
Esso/Standard Oil Co. stops making gasoline at its Boston Street refinery.
The present-day United Evangelical Church building is constructed at East Ave. and Dillon St.; Civil War artifacts are found during construction.
November 29: Baltimore's Harbor Tunnel opens, connecting East Baltimore to South Baltimore and eliminating the “Baltimore Bottleneck” from Philadelphia and The South.[81] At 1.4 miles long, 17.6 miles including approaches, it costs $144 million to build and is the longest twin-tube trench tunnel in the world when it opens.[82] [83]
1959
Hamm's Brewery buys Gunther's Brewery.[84]
1960
July 19: The Canton Company becomes a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Mining Co.[85]
The George Gunther, Jr. Brewing Company is acquired by Hamm’s Brewing Company.[86]
1961
The St. Brigid's Catholic Church building is constructed at Ellwood Ave. and Hudson St., by the architect Edward H. Glidden Jr.[87]
1962
September 11: Lehigh Portland Cement Co. buys property on S. Clinton St., builds silos, and opens a distribution center.[88]
1963
Schaefer's Brewery buys Hamm's Brewery, including the Gunther label.[89]
1966
January: City Council passes condemnation bill for construction of I-83 expressway along Boston St.[90]
1968
Baltimore city demolishes 215 houses between Boston and Elliott Streets and Linwood and Lakewood Avenues to make way for I-83. DPW Chief Bernard Werner takes the lead on moving quickly to start acquiring and demolishing buildings before the opposition can be organized.[91] Gloria Aull and Barbara Mikulski start the Southeast Council Against the Road (SCAR) to protest construction of the East-West Expressway through Canton, Fells Point, Federal Hill, and other communities.[92] [93]
1969
March 27: 27 people representing 13 organizations vote at a Canton-Highlandtown meeting to join Fell's Point's opposition to the project to build an interstate highway through the Southeast Baltimore waterfront.[94]
1970s
The city spends over $15 million to rebuild the Lakewood Avenue storm drain.[95]
1971
November: Barbara Mikulski, who will go on to be elected to Congress and become Maryland’s longest-serving Senator, is elected to the Baltimore City Council.[96]
1972
Sip & Bite, originally opened on Broadway in 1948, moved to the southwest corner of Canton on Boston Street. The Lumbee Indian community, which had settled in the Upper Fells Point neighborhood after World War II, followed back the diner to the new location, as a long-time favorite after-church lunch spot for the community.[97]
November 1975
The American Smelting & Refining Co. closes its copper plant on S. Clinton St.[98] At its peak, it covered 45 acres, employed up to 12,000 workers, and was owned by the Guggenheim family.
National Brewery closes its Canton plant; production continues in Linthicum next to the Baltimore Beltway and I-895.[99]
1978
Schaefer's Brewery closes, including the Hamms and Gunther labels.[100]
Historic Canton by Norman G. Rukert is published by Bodine & Associates, Baltimore.[101]
September: The old Canton Market roof is moved to the play field near Toone and Robinson Streets.[102]
1980
January 29: The Canton Historic District is added to the National Register of Historic Places.[103] In the three-year effort leading up to this moment, Canton has been enrolling grade schoolers from St. Brigid's to conduct a historic survey of Canton and its people and architecture.[104]
July 13: The statue of John O'Donnell, by sculptor Tilden Streett, is dedicated in O'Donnell Square.[105] [106] It was commissioned in May 1979 by the City Board of Estimates for $20,000.[107]
1984
The Anchorage townhouses, forty three-story houses, are completed as the first new waterfront houses built in Baltimore for over 100 years, with initial asking prices ranging from $152,500 to $172,500.[108] [109]
Sun Photo/William Hotz
1985
A replica of Lazaretto Lighthouse is rebuilt in memory of Norman G. Rukert.[110]
March 11: The Hatton Senior Center opens at Fait and Linwood Avenues.[111]
November 23: The Fort McHenry Tunnel opens at 1.5 miles long; it has taken 5 1/2 years to build at a cost of $750 million and is the widest underwater vehicle tunnel in the world when built.[112]
1986
February 15: The Canton Library celebrates its 100th anniversary with a gala re-enactment of the original 1886 opening program and publication of the Canton Centennial Cookbook; 1,000 copies sell out quickly.
The Shipyard Apartments at the former Renneburg Co. site on Boston St. are completed with 56 rental units.[113] [114]
1987
Spring: The Tindeco Wharf Apartments on Boston Street, with 240 rental units, are completed and occupied.[115]
The State of Maryland buys Canton Railroad for $875,000.[116]
Construction begins on the Canton Square townhouses, 124 units which are located on the site of the rowhouses demolished for the never-built East-West Expressway.[117]
Anchorage Tower is completed with 95 luxury condos at $110,000–$399,000.[118]
October: Canton Nursing Center opens, Boston St. between Ellwood & Decker Aves. (several owners since)[119]
November: The Waterfront Coalition forms and releases its Canton Guide Plan because the city has no master plan for development.[120] [121] [122]
1988
Spring: The American Can Company closes its lithography ovens, the last operations at the 87-year-old plant.
August 31: The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, a federal agency, notifies Baltimore City that re-development of the historic American Can buildings "should select a development proposal responsive to citizen input," regarding adaptive re-use of the buildings after the Waterfront Coalition and other community residents reject demolition of site.[123]
1989
November: The Atlantic & Southwestern Broom Company at Baylis & Boston Streets closes.[124]
Fall: The city passes an Urban Renewal Plan for Canton and Fells Point, ignoring community requests for minor changes affecting height and density of development proposals.[125]
1989–1990
Canton Cove at 2901 Boston St., the site of a former factory, opens with 88 condo units and prices from $124,000-$450,000.[126]
1990
Canton Waterfront Park and the Korean War Memorial are dedicated,[127] replacing a railroad yard and cargo pier, closed many years prior, of which a car float is the only remaining structure. The Korean War Memorial incorrectly shows the border of North and South Korea at the 38th parallel instead of the DMZ, but the designer of the map, Dr. Randall Beirne of UMB, declines to correct the error.[128]
1991
April: Du Burns Arena opens at 3100 Boston Street. It is named after Clarence H. "Du" Burns, the first Black Mayor of Baltimore City. Burns was Council President when elected to Mayor in 1987 after William Schaefer became Maryland Governor. Burns secured funds to construct the center that was later named for him while in office but lost his reelection bid against Kurt Schmoke later that year.[129]
1992
August 10: A proposed redevelopment of the old Hampstead Hill Elementary School building (corner of Fleet and Linwood) into low-income housing is abandoned after over 700 residents “shout down City officials” presenting the proposal, which would have taken advantage of federal funds.[130] The residents are partly responding to a flyer distributed throughout the neighborhood claiming falsely that the city was building “high rise projects” and that it will “destroy your property value and fill Highlandtown with the drugs, crime, and violence.”[131]
1993
The Broom Factory reopens as affordable commercial office space and “business incubator”, run by the great grandson of the original founder of The Atlantic & Southwestern Broom Company.[132]
1998
March: DAP opens its world headquarters in the 1895 Norton Tin Can Co. building and is the first tenant at The Can Company, the re-developed American Can site.[133]
November 12: Bibelot Bookstore and Donna's Coffee Bar open at The Can Company.[134]
1999
Renovation of existing houses north of O'Donnell Street for new homeowners dramatically increases.
2001
Bibelot Bookstore and Donna's Coffee Bar close at The Can Company.[135]
2002
The first off-leash dog park in Baltimore City opens in Canton in September at 3221 Toone St.
2005
May 13: GM shuts down its Broening Highway plant in East Baltimore, laying off 1,100 workers adjacent to the Canton neighborhood.[136]
2013
October 8: The Shops at Canton Crossing open, a $105 million 30-store outdoor shopping mall on Boston Street.[137]
2015
March 30: Amazon opens a distribution center in the old Broening Highway GM plant adjacent to the neighborhood, hiring 2,500 people by late July.[138]
2016
The Canton library branch reopens after being closed nearly four years for renovations. Among the improvements include a revamped floor plan, redesigned meeting room, self-checkout systems, 13 public computers, free WiFi and an ADA compliant entrance.[139]
The site of the old Standard Oil refinery at 3901 Boston Street is cleaned up to be converted into Canton Crossing Retail Phase 2.[140]
2017
Canton Canopy, a collection of neighbors working towards creating a sustainable, healthy tree canopy in Canton, is founded and goes on to plant hundreds of new trees all over the neighborhood.[141]
2021
April 5: After a push by the Canton Anti-Racism Alliance and other community members, the statue of Captain O’Donnell is removed [from O’Donnell Square Park], in connection to his history as an enslaver.[142]
November 8: The Canton History Project, led by Dr. Raymond Bahr, installs the neighborhood’s eighth Historic Marker, describing the history of the Canton Waterfront’s iconic railroad transfer bridge. An interactive map of the markers can be viewed at https://tinyurl.com/CantonHistory.
2022
The Historic Canton Market pavilion moves from Dypski Park to its new location in Leakin Park near Gynn’s Falls.[143]
Another expansion to the large shopping center on Boston and Haven Streets, Canton Crossing III, is built.
March: St. Brigid’s Catholic Church is demolished, after being closed in 2019 and sold to developers in 2021. Items from the church are reinstalled in various other places, including a day chapel in the Atlanta airport, which received the tabernacle.[144] In addition to new townhome construction, the old rectory building is preserved with the intention of being converted to apartments.
September 21: The Canton History Project, led by Dr. Raymond Bahr, installs the neighborhood’s ninth Historic Marker, in addition to two new roadside panels, marking the site of Frederick Douglass’s escape. An interactive map of the markers can be viewed at https://tinyurl.com/CantonHistory.
Note
This timeline was originally developed by the late Baltimore City Councilperson John Cain.
Updated by the Canton Community Association and Canton Anti-Racism Alliance in 2022 to more accurately reflect the role of Black, Asian-American, American Indian and Indigenous people in the story of our neighborhood's development, as well as add to neighborhood history since 2000. If you have any comments, questions, or concerns about these revisions, please email info@CantonCommunity.org.
References
[1] Maryland State Arts Council, Maryland Department of Commerce (2022, May 26). Land Acknowledgement Project Overview and Resource Guide. MSAC.org. https://msac.org/media/760/download?inline.
[2] Akerson, L. E. (1988). American Indians in the Baltimore Area. Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology.
[3] Akerson, L. E. (1988). American Indians in the Baltimore Area. Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology.
[4] Marye, William B. 1955. The Great Maryland Barrens. Maryland Historical Magazine, Volume 50, No. 1, pp. 11-23 https://soldiersdelight.org/files/documents/the_great_maryland_barrens_part_1.pdf
[5] Akerson, L. E. (1988). American Indians in the Baltimore Area. Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology.
[7] First Chinese Arrived in the United States | US-China Exchanges (usc.edu)
[8] U.S.-China Chronology - Countries - Office of the Historian (state.gov)
[9] (3) Facebook- Chinese American Museum in Washington DC
[10] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov)
[11] Capt John O'Donnell (1749-1805) - Find A Grave Memorial
[12] MSA C340-25, Baltimore County Register of Wills (Inventories)
[13] NPS Historical Handbook: Fort McHenry
[14] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 51) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[15] Baltimore City, Maryland - Historical Chronology, 1800-1899
[16] 1822_plan-of-the-city-of-baltimore_poppleton.jpg (720×629) (netdna-ssl.com)
[17] /mnt/pdfdir/000491/pdf/am491--13.pdf (maryland.gov)
[18] Canton | Historical and Architectural Preservation (baltimorecity.gov)
[19] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov)
[20] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov)
[21] Lazaretto Point Lighthouse > United States Coast Guard > All (uscg.mil)
[22] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 22-23) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[23] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov)
[24] Frederick Douglass Historical Marker (hmdb.org)
[26] Canton Methodist Episcopal Church | Explore Baltimore Heritage
[27] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 24) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[28] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 10
[29] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 12
[30] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 57-58) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[31] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 13
[32] George Pabst Brewery – MD 81a | Old Breweries Information | Breweriana Values
[33] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 32) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[34] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 11
[35] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 12
[36] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 65) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[37] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 31) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[38] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 4
[39] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 33) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[40] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 60-61) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[41] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 60-61) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[42] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 12
[43] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 31) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[44] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 32) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[45] Christopher Columbus O'Donnell (1792-1873) - Find A Grave Memorial
[46] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 32) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[47] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 42) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[48] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 64) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[49] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 32) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[50] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 29) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[51] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 65) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[52] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 34) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[53] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 25-26) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[54] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 55) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[55] Enoch Pratt Free Library, Canton Branch, Baltimore, Maryland (loc.gov)
[56] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 66) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[57] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 29-30) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[58] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 66) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[60] American Can Company | Explore Baltimore Heritage
[61] Sweet thoughts about sour beef - Baltimore Sun
[62] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 3
[63] https://thebaltimoremontessori.com/OurSchool/
[64] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 66) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[65] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 14
[66] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 36) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[67] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov) page 3
[68] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 74-75) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[69] History of Baltimore screen painting, The Painted Screen Society of Baltimore Baltimore, MD History
[70] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 36) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[72] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 43) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates
[74] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 86) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[75] Palmer and Lamdin Architects: St. Casimir's Church in Canton
[76] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 80) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[77] Residential Security Map of Baltimore Md. (jhu.edu)
[78] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 47-48) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[79] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 48) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[80] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 86-87) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[81] Baltimore Harbor Tunnel (I-895) | MDTA (maryland.gov)
[82] Dresser, Michael. The Baltimore Sun (Nov. 21, 2007). “SO YOU THINK IT'S BAD ON THE ROAD NOW? 50 years ago this holiday weekend, the Harbor Tunnel got inter-city traffic off Baltimore's streets.”
[83] Baltimore Harbor Tunnel (I-895) | MDTA (maryland.gov)
[85] SEC News Digest, April 13, 1960
[86] About Brewers Hill
[87] MIHP. Architectural Survey File. B-3704-1 St. Brigid's School and Convent. B-3704-1.pdf (maryland.gov)
[88] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 48) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[89] About Brewers Hill
[90] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 90) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[91] Paull, E. E. (2022). Stop the road: Stories from the trenches of Baltimore’s road wars (pg 280). Boyle & Dalton.
[92] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (pp. 90-91) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[93] Barbara Ann Mikulski , MSA SC 3520-2094 (maryland.gov)
[94] Paull, E. E. (2022). Stop the road: Stories from the trenches of Baltimore’s road wars (pg 274). Boyle & Dalton.
[95] History & Nature — Friends of Patterson Park
[96] Barbara Ann Mikulski , MSA SC 3520-2094 (maryland.gov)
[97] Paull, E. E. (2022). Stop the road: Stories from the trenches of Baltimore’s road wars (pg 286). Boyle & Dalton.
[98] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. (p. 48) Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[99] The Story | National Premium (nationalpremiumbeer.com)
[100] About Brewers Hill
[101] Rukert, N. G. (1978). Historic Canton: Baltimore's industrial heartland ... and its people. Baltimore: Bodine & Associates.
[103] Maryland SP Canton Historic District (archives.gov)
[104]
[106] 13 Jul 1980, 48 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[107] 03 May 1979, 62 - The Evening Sun at Newspapers.com
[108] Horton, Tom. “Parts of Canton Show Fresh Look.” The Baltimore Sun, 17 June 1984, p. 56. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/377676823/
[109] “'Gold Coast' Marina Opening.” The Baltimore Sun, 17 July 1983, p. 75. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/377614889
[110] Lazaretto Point Lighthouse > United States Coast Guard > All (uscg.mil)
[111]“New senior center to open March 11.” The Baltimore Sun, 07 March 1985, p. 44. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/370628521
[112] “Fort McHenry tunnel opens Saturday.” The Baltimore Sun, 17 November 1985, p. 22. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/377798522
[113]Aitken, David. “Shipyard Offers Magical Views”. The Baltimore Sun, 18 October 1986, pg. 29-30. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/378170515
[114] Johns, Carleton. “Good Life in Canton: Apartment on the Harbor.” The Baltimore Sun, 11 April 1987, pg. 13. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/377895599/?terms=Renneburg&match=1
[115]Williams, Lynn. “Tindeco Wharf: Urban Recycling, New York Style.” The Baltimore Sun, 28 February 1987, p. 31. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/378028042
[116] Schlerf, Gary W. (1984). The History of the Canton Railroad Company: Artery of Baltimore's Industrial Heartland. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Co. pp. 19, 86.
[117] 19 Jun 1988, 16 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[118] Gunts, Edward. “Anchorage Developers Awarded City Waterfront Site.” The Baltimore Sun, 04 April 1987, p. 30. 04 Apr 1987, 30 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[119] 19 Jun 1988, 16 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[121]Evans, Martin. “City Council Passes Bill to Enlarge Canton Project.” The Baltimore Sun, 01 December 1987, pgs. 45, 48. 01 Dec 1987, 48 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[122] 19 Jun 1988, 16 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[123] ACHP Annual Report-1988-American Can Company.pdf on our Google Drive
[124] History - The Broom Factory
[125]Evans, Martin. “E. Baltimore group urges fees on waterfront growth.” The Baltimore Sun, 15 September 1989, pg. 69. 15 Sep 1989, 69 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[126]Gunts, Edward. “Canton Cove: Preserving the Local Flavor.” The Baltimore Sun, 05 March 1989, pg. 223. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/378076634/
[127]Loverro, Thom. “Two memorials dedicated to Maryland’s veterans.” The Baltimore Sun, 28 May 1990, pg. 9. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/376779122
[128] Morris, Darrell. “Map error starts conflict over Korea memorial.” The Baltimore Sun, 11 June 1990, pg. 13. 11 Jun 1990, 13 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[129] Opening of arena muffles applause for 'Du' Burns
[130] Watts, Jacqueline. “Local Defendant's Exhibits - LX-434 School #47 Housing Proposal Roundly Rejected”. East Baltimore Guide, 13 August 1992, pg. 1. archives.ubalt.edu/aclu/pdfs/R0002_ACLU_S03B_B03_F127.pdf?.
[131] Lanahan, Lawrence (2019). “The Lines Between Us” (pg. 60). New York, NY. The New Press.
[132] Rodricks, Dan. “Old broom factory sweeps into present.” The Baltimore Sun, 26 April 1999. Archive: Old broom factory sweeps into present - Baltimore Sun
[133] Kelly, Jacques. “Future springs from old factory.” The Baltimore Sun, 06 November 1998, pg. 125. 06 Nov 1998, Page 125 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[134] Kelly, Jacques. “Future springs from old factory.” The Baltimore Sun, 06 November 1998, pg. 125. 06 Nov 1998, Page 125 - The Baltimore Sun at Newspapers.com
[135] “Donna’s to close outlet in Bibelot’s closed Canton store.” The Baltimore Sun, 26 May 2001, pg. 44. https://baltimoresun.newspapers.com/image/378092184
[136] The closing of Baltimore's GM plant - Baltimore Sun
[137] The Shops at Canton Crossing opens Tuesday - Baltimore Sun
[138] Amazon hiring outpaces projections - Baltimore Sun
[139] Enoch Pratt Free Library Celebrates Grand Re-Opening of Canton Branch
[140] 7-506 Applicant List for Web_06-09-2017.pdf (state.md.us)
[141] Canton Canopy News
[143] FOGFLP_Newsletter_2019_Spring.pdf (friendsofgwynnsfallsleakinpark.org)
[144] St. Brigid’s religious items find new homes as former property is redeveloped - Catholic Review